Cannon,
Annie (1863-1941)by Andrew Fraknoi (Foothill College & Astronomical Society of the Pacific)
© 2008 by Andrew Fraknoi. All rights reserved. For permission to use, or to suggest additional materials, please contact the author at e-mail: fraknoiandrew {at} fhda.edu
This guide is not meant to be a comprehensive or scholarly introduction to the complex topic of the role of women in astronomy, but simply a resource for those educators and students who wish to explore the challenges and triumphs of women of the past and present. It's also an opportunity to get to know some of the key women who have overcome prejudice and exclusion to make significant contributions to our field. To be included among the representative women for whom we list individual resources, an astronomer must have had something non-technical about her life and work published in a popular-level journal or book. This explains why so many talented women are not covered; their work is mainly known through journals that students cannot read. Suggestions for additional non-technical listings are most welcome, however.
1. Written Resources on the General Topic of Women in Astronomy
2. Web Resources on the General Topic of Women in Astronomy
3. Material on Some Specific Women Astronomers of the Past:
4. Material on Some Specific Living Astronomers who are Women:
5. Articles and Books about Other Individual Women Astronomers
1. Written Resources on the General Topic of Women in Astronomy
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. Covers the lives and careers of 21 women astronomers, past and present, for teenagers and up.
Barlow, Nadine, et al. "Women in Astronomy: A Sampler of Issues and Ideas" in Mercury (the magazine of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific), Jan/Feb. 1992, p. 27. Ten pages of quotes, commentary, problems, and solutions; part of a special issue of the magazine, devoted to the role of women in the field.
Dobson, Andrea & Bracher, Katherine "Urania's Heritage: A Historical Introduction to Women in Astronomy" in Mercury, Jan/Feb. 1992, p. 4. A good review of the roles women played.
Ghez, Andrea & Cohen, Judith You Can Be a Woman Astronomer. 2006, Cascade Press. A picture book for children from grades 3 - 5.
James, C. "Edward and Mina" in Astronomy, July 2002, p. 46. Despite the title, this treats several women who worked at the Harvard Observatory.
Kidwell, Peggy "Women Astronomers in Britain" in Isis, Sep. 1984, vol. 75, p. 534.
Lankford, John "Science and Gender: Women in the American Astronomical Community" in his American Astronomy. 1997, U. of Chicago Press. 72-page sociological overview, with statistics.
Lankford, J. & Slavings, R. "Gender and Science: Women in American Astronomy 1859-1940" in Physics Today, Mar. 1990, vol. 43, p. 58.
Mack, P. "Straying from Their Orbits: Women in Astronomy in America" in G. Kass-Simon & P. Farnes, eds. Women of Science. 1990, Indiana U. Press.
Mack, P. "Strategies and Compromises: Women in Astronomy at Harvard College Observatory" in Journal for the History of Astronomy, vol. 21, p. 65 (1990).
McKenna-Lawlor, Susan Whatever Shines Should be Observed. 2003, Springer. The story of five 19th century women who made contributions to astronomy and science; too bad the price from the publisher is inappropriately high for a popular book.
Rizzo, P. "Early Daughters of Urania" in Sky & Telescope, Nov. 1954, p. 7.
Rubin, Vera "Women's Work: Women in Modern Astronomy" in Science 86, Jul/Aug. 1986, p. 58.
Spradley, J. "Women and the Stars" in The Physics Teacher, Sep. 1990, p. 372.
Urry, C. Megan, et al, eds. Women in Astronomy: Proceedings of a 1992 Workshop. 1993, Space Telescope Science Institute.
Warner, Deborah "Women Astronomers" in Natural History, May 1979, p. 12.
2. Web Resources on the General Topic of Women in Astronomy
American Astronomical
Society Committee on the Status of Women:
www.aas.org/~cswa/
A rich site with back issues of the valuable "Status" newsletter,
a database of living women astronomers, legal resources, conference proceedings,
and discussion of issues related to the role of professional women in the field.
Bibliography
by Ruth Freitag:
http://www.loc.gov/rr/scitech/womenastro/womenastro-intro.html
A far more comprehensive and scholarly bibliography, organized by last name,
of written articles on women in astronomy. Ruth Freitag's work was the early
inspiration for the resource guide you are reading.
4000 Years
of Women in Science:
http://www.astr.ua.edu/4000WS/
Maintained by two women astronomers, this site includes brief information on
women from many fields of science, not just astronomy. Their site ends with
the start of the 20th century, but see also the much shorter "Contributions
of 20th Century Women to Physics" at: http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/
History of Women
in Astronomy:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/history.html
The text and images from a slide set on women astronomers available from the
Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Includes capsule biographies of women from
Carolyn Herschel to Sidney Wolff.
The Woman Astronomer:
http://www.womanastronomer.com/
Debra Davis, a Colorado amateur astronomer, keeps this site and newsletter devoted
to both amateurs and professionals.
Women of NASA:
http://quest.nasa.gov/women/WON.html
Profiles of women who work for the US Space Agency, including a number of astronomers
and astrobiologists. The profiles include personal statements that can be quite
moving and inspiring.
Women at Work:
A Meeting on the Status of Women in Astronomy: http://www.stsci.edu/institute/conference/wia/
Proceedings of a pioneering 1992 meeting with useful local and national perspectives.
3. Material on Some Specific Women Astronomers of the Past
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Cannon.
Bok, Priscilla "Annie Jump Cannon 1863-1941" in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, June 1941, vol. 53, p. 168.
Camp, Carole American Astronomers: Searchers and Wonderers. 1996, Enslow. One chapter of this book for teen readers is devoted to Canon's life and work.
Emberlin, D. Science: Contributions of Women. 1977, Dillon Press. Includes a section on Cannon, pp. 7-27.
Greenstein, George "The Ladies of Observatory Hill" in American Scholar, Feb. 1993, p. 437. (Reprinted in his book Portraits of Discovery, 1998, John Wiley.)
Hearnshaw, John The Analysis of Starlight. 1986, Cambridge U. Press. See Chapter 5.
Jones, Bessie & Boyd, Lyle The Harvard College Observatory (1839-1919). 1971, Harvard U. Press. See especially Chapter 11.
Kidwell, P. "Three Women of American Astronomy" in American Scientist, May/June 1990, p. 244.
Merrill, P. "Annie Jump Cannon" in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 102, no. 2, p. 74 (1942).
Welther, Barbara "Annie J. Cannon: Classifier of the Stars" in Mercury (the magazine of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific), Jan/Feb. 1984, p. 28.
Web Sites:
Annie Cannon Pages
at Wellesley College:
http://www.wellesley.edu/Astronomy/Annie/
Part of a student project, but with good local historical information.
Brief Biography
at ScienceWomen Site:
http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/cannon.html
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/%7Egmarcy/women/cannon.html
Video about Cannon's
life and work:
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~alexg/ajc.html
Bruck, M. "Agnes Mary Clerke: Chronicler of Astronomy" in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, Mar. 1994, p. 59. Lengthy profile.
Bruck, Mary Agnes Mary Clerke & the Rise of Astrophysics. 2002, Cambridge U. Press.
Cliver, Edward "Agnes Mary Clerke: Real Time Historian of Astronomy" in Astronomy & Geophysics (the magazine of the Royal Astronomical Society), June 2007, vol. 48, p. 3.25.
Lightman, B. "Constructing Victorian Heavens: Agnes Clerke and the "New Astronomy" in Natural Eloquence: Women Reinscribe Science. Barbara T. Gates, Barbara & Shteir, Ann, eds. 1997, U. of Wisconsin Press.
McKenna-Lawlor, Susan Whatever Shines Should be Observed. 2003, Springer. The story of five 19th century women who made contributions to astronomy and science, including Clerke.
Weitzenhoffer, Kenneth "The Prolific Pen of Agnes Clerke" in Sky & Telescope, Sep. 1985, p. 211.
Web Sites:
Brief Biography
from the Catholic Encyclopedia:
http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/04051b.htm
Brief Biography
at Ask about Ireland:
http://www.askaboutireland.ie/show_narrative_page_by_place.do?page_id=6864
 |
Courtesy
Curator of Astronomical Photographs at Harvard College Observatory |
Fleming, Williamina (1857-1911)
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Fleming.
Camp, Carole American Astronomers: Searchers and Wonderers. 1996, Enslow. One chapter of this book for teen readers is devoted to Fleming's life and work.
Jones, Bessie & Boyd, Lyle The Harvard College Observatory (1839-1919). 1971, Harvard U. Press. See several sections of this history for her contributions.
Spradley, J. "The Industrious Mrs. Fleming" in Astronomy, July 1990, p. 48.
Spradley, J. "Two Centennials of Star Catalogs Compiled by Women" in Astronomy Quarterly, vol. 7, no. 3, p. 177 (1990).
Web Sites:
Brief biography
at about.com:
http://space.about.com/od/astronomerbiographies/a/wflemingbio.htm
Brief biography
at Harvard Women Working site:
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/people_fleming.html
Brief biography
at Woman Astronomer site:
http://www.womanastronomer.com/wfleming.htm
Herschel,
Caroline (1750-1848)
Alic, Margaret Hypatia's Heritage: A History of Women in Science. 1986, Beacon Press. Chapter 9 has a good section on Herschel's work.
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Herschel.
Belkora, Leila Minding the Heavens: The Story of Our Discovery of the Milky Way. 2003, IOP Publishing. Chapter 4 is about the Herschels.
Brock, Claire The Comet Sweeper: Caroline Herschel's Astronomical Ambition. 2008, Totem Books. A popular-level biography. A radio program interviewing the author can be found at the end of the web sites below.
Higgins, F. Sweeper of the Skies: Caroline Herschel. 1967, Follett. For young people.
Hoskin, Michael "Astronomy's Matriarch" in Sky &Telescope, May 2005, p. 42-46.
Hoskin, Michael, ed. Caroline Herschel's Autobiographies. 2003, Science History Publications. Annotated versions of the autobiographies she wrote in her 70's and 90's.
Hughes, D. "Caroline Herschel: Comet Huntress" in Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Apr. 1999, vol. 109, p. 78.
Lubbock, C. The Herschel Chronicle. 1933, Cambridge U. Press. Family chronicle of William and Caroline, by his grand-daughter.
Ogilvie, M. "Caroline Herschel's Contributions to Astronomy" in Annals of Science, vol. 32, p. 149 (1975).
Web Sites:
Biography at MacTutor
Site:
http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Biographies/Herschel_Caroline.html
Brief biography
at FemBio:
http://www.fembio.org/english/biography.php/woman/biography/caroline-herschel
Brief biography
at Cometography site:
http://cometography.com/biographies/herschelc.html
Maria Mitchell's
Reminiscences about Caroline Herschel from 1889:
http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_mitchell_herschel.htm
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/herschel.html
Brief Biography
at the Space Telescope Science Institute:
http://amazing-space.stsci.edu/resources/explorations//groundup
/lesson/bios/herschel/index.php
Flanders, Tony
"Following in Caroline Herschel's Footsteps" (a guide to re-observing
some of the objects she saw, for amateurs):
http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/Caroline_Herschel_Objects.html
March 2007 BBC
radio program about her:
http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/03/2007_11_thu.shtml
Hoffleit,
Dorrit (1907 - 2007)
Hoffleit, Dorrit "Some Glimpses from My Career" in Mercury (the magazine of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific), Jan/Feb. 1992, p. 16.
Hoffleit, Dorrit Misfortunes as Blessings in Disguise. 2002, American Association of Variable Star Observers. Her autobiography. See excerpts and purchasing information at: http://www.aavso.org/store/st_dorrit.shtml
Levy, David "Astronomy's First Lady" in Sky & Telescope, Feb. 1999, p. 89.
Philip, A.G. D., et al, eds. Anni Mirabiles: A Symposium Celebrating the 90th Birthday of Dorrit Hoffleit. 1999, L. Davis Press.
Web Sites:
Brief Biography
at AAVSO site:
http://www.aavso.org/aavso/membership/dhoffleit.shtml
Obituary by Virginia
Trimble:
http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2007BAAS...39.1067T
July 2006 Interview
with Pamela Gay (video):
http://www.starstryder.com/2007/04/11/dorrit-hoffleit-1907-2007/
 |
Copyright
David Dunlap Observatory University of Toronto |
Hogg, Helen Sawyer (1905-1993)
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Hogg.
Morrison, David & Fraknoi, Andrew "1983 ASP Award Winners: Klumpke Roberts Award to Helen Sawyer Hogg" in Mercury (the magazine of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific), Nov/Dec. 1983, p. 185.
Webb, M. Helen Sawyer Hogg: A Lifetime of Stargazing. 1991, Copp Clark Pitman (Toronto).
Yost, E. Women of Modern Science. 1959, Greenwood Press. Pp. 31-47 are on Helen Hogg.
Web Sites:
Obituary from
the Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society of the Canada:
http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/hsh/hshrasc.html
Obituary from
the Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific:
http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/hsh/hshpasp.html
Brief Biography
at Science Women Site:
http://www.sdsc.edu/ScienceWomen/hogg.html
Her career highlights
summary at U. of Toronto:
http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/hsh/hshhigh.html
Talk about her
by Tom Bolton:
http://www.astro.utoronto.ca/hsh/hshbln.html
Brief Biography
at Canada Under the Stars:
http://astro-canada.ca/_en/a2206.html
Transcript of
an Interview with David DeVorkin at the Center for the History of Physics:
http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4679.html
Very brief autobiography
at the Canada Science & Technology Museum:
http://www.sciencetech.technomuses.ca/english/about/hallfame/u_i33_e.cfm
table
of contents
Huggins,
Margaret (1848-1916)
Becker, Barbara "Dispelling the Myth of the Able Assistant: Margaret and William Huggins at Work in the Tulse Hill Observatory" in Helena Pycior, et al. eds., Creative Couples in the Sciences. 1996, Rutgers University Press.
Belkora, Leila Minding the Heavens: The Story of Our Discovery of the Milky Way. 2003, IOP Publishing. Chapter 6 is about the Hugginses.
Bruck, Mary Agnes Mary Clerke & the Rise of Astrophysics. 2002, Cambridge U. Press. See Chapter 5 and several other sections about Margaret Huggins' work and relationship with Clerke.
McKenna-Lawlor, Susan Whatever Shines Should be Observed. 2003, Springer. The story of five 19th century women who made contributions to astronomy and science, including Huggins.
Richardson, Robert "Lady Huggins" in The Star Lovers. 1967, Macmillan.
Web Site:
Barbara Becker's
article:
https://eee.uci.edu/clients/bjbecker/ExploringtheCosmos/week7b.html
table
of contents
Leavitt,
Henrietta (1868-1921)
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Leavitt.
Crowe, Michael Modern Theories of the Universe from Herschel to Hubble. 1994, Dover. See especially Chapter 6.
Ferguson, Kitty Measuring the Universe. 1999, Walker. Chronicle of how distances were found in the universe, with good discussions of contributions by individual astronomers.
Johnson, George Miss Leavitt's Stars: The Untold Story of the Woman Who Discovered How to Measure the Universe. 2005, Atlas/Norton.
Jones, Bessie & Boyd, Lyle The Harvard College Observatory (1839-1919). 1971, Harvard U. Press. See Chapters 10 and 11.
Mitchell, H. "Henrietta Leavitt and the Cepheid Variables" in The Physics Teacher, Mar. 1976, vol. 14, p. 162.
Moore, Patrick Astronomers' Stars. 1987, Norton. Chapter 10 concerns Leavitt's work on Cepheids.
Richardson, Robert "Henrietta Leavitt" in The Star Lovers. 1967, Macmillan.
Singh, Simon Big Bang. 2004, Harper. Chapter 3 has a nice section on her life and work.
Web Sites:
Biography at AAVSO
Site:
http://hoa.aavso.org/posterswan.htm
Brief Biography
at PBS Science Odyssey:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/aso/databank/entries/baleav.html
Brief Biography
at Woman Astronomer Site:
http://www.womanastronomer.com/hleavitt.htm
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/leavitt.html
3. Material on Some Specific Women Astronomers of the Past (continued)
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Maury.
Hearnshaw, John The Analysis of Starlight. 1986, Cambridge U. Press. See Chapter 5.
Hoffleit, Dorrit "Antonia Maury" in Sky & Telescope, Mar. 1952, p. 106.
Jones, Bessie & Boyd, Lyle The Harvard College Observatory (1839-1919). 1971, Harvard U. Press. See Chapter 5 and 11 on Maury's work with spectra.
Web Site:
Biography on the
Woman Astronomer site:
http://www.womanastronomer.com/amaury.htm
 |
Courtesy
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration / Department of Commerce |
Albers, Henry, ed. Maria Mitchell: A Life in Journals and Letters. 2001, College Avenue Press. Many excerpts from her writings, interspersed with biographical information.
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Mitchell.
Belserene, Emelia "Maria Mitchell: 19th Century Astronomer" in Astronomy Quarterly, vol. 5, no. 19, p. 133 (1986).
Camp, Carole American Astronomers: Searchers and Wonderers. 1996, Enslow. One chapter of this book for teen readers is devoted to Mitchell's life and work.
Gormley, Beatrice Maria Mitchell: The Soul of an Astronomer. 1995, Eerdmans Publishing. A book for youngsters.
Kidwell, P. "Three Women of American Astronomy" in American Scientist, May/June 1990, p. 244.
Kohlstedt, S.
"Maria Mitchell and the Advancement of Women in Science" in P. Abir-Am
&
Outram, D., eds. Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science 1789-1979.
1987, Rutgers U. Press.
Matyas, C. "Maria Mitchell: First Woman Astronomer in America" in Science Digest, Aug. 1961, vol. 50, no. 8, p. 51.
McPherson, Stephanie Rooftop Astronomer: A Story about Maria Mitchell. 1990, CarolRhoda Books. For younger children.
Merriam, Eve, ed. Growing Up Female in America: Ten Lives. 1971, Doubleday. Has excerpts from Mitchell's diary in the section about her (pp. 75-92).
Morgan, Helen Maria Mitchell: First Lady of American Astronomy. 1977, Westminster. For children.
Opalko, J. "Maria Mitchells' Haunting Legacy" in Sky & Telescope, May 1992, p. 505.
Wright, Helen Sweeper in the Sky: The Life of Maria Mitchell. 1950, Macmillan. (Recently updated and reprinted by College Avenue Press.)
Web Sites:
Brief Biography
at Distinguished Women Web Site:
http://www.distinguishedwomen.com/biographies/mitchell.html
Brief biography
at the Maria Mitchell House Preservation Web Site:
http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/travel/pwwmh/ma74.htm
Brief Biography
at Women Working Web Site:
http://ocp.hul.harvard.edu/ww/people_mitchell.html
Harriet Townsend's
1916 Reminiscences about her:
http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_townsend_mitchell.htm
An 1889 Letter from one of her Students at the Time of her Death: http://womenshistory.about.com/library/etext/bl_maria_mitchell.htm
An 1886 Profile:
http://www.female-ancestors.com/daughters/mitchell.htm
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/mitchell.html
Her Entry in the
Vassar Encylopedia:
http://vcencyclopedia.vassar.edu/index.php/Maria_Mitchell
table
of contents
Payne-Gaposchkin,
Cecilia (1900-1979)
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Payne-Gaposchkin.
Bartusiak, Marcia "The Stuff of the Stars" in The Sciences, Sep/Oct. 1993, p. 34. Excerpt on her work from Bartusiak's book, Through a Universe Darkly (1993, HarperCollins.)
Camp, Carole American Astronomers: Searchers and Wonderers. 1996, Enslow. One chapter of this book for teen readers is devoted to her life and work.
Gingerich, Owen "The Most Brilliant Phd Thesis Ever Written in Astronomy" in Phillip, A. & Koopman, R., eds. The Starry Universe: The Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin Centenary. 2001, L. Davis Press. Article is on the web at: http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/unitarians/payne2.html
Greenstein, George "The Ladies of Observatory Hill" in American Scholar, Feb. 1993, p. 437. (Reprinted in his book Portraits of Discovery, 1998, John Wiley.)
Haramundanis, Katherine, ed. Cecilia Payne Gaposchkin: An Autobiography and Notes, 2nd ed. 1996, Cambridge U. Press.
Hearnshaw, John The Analysis of Starlight. 1986, Cambridge U. Press. See Chapter 2.
Hufbauer, Karl Exploring the Sun. 1991, Johns Hopkins. Chapter 3 discusses Payne's work, among others.
Kidwell, Peggy "Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: Astronomy in the Family" in P. Abir-Am & Outram, D., eds. Uneasy Careers and Intimate Lives: Women in Science 1789-1979. 1987, Rutgers U. Press.
Kidwell, Peggy "Three Women of American Astronomy" in American Scientist, May/June 1990, p. 244.
Smith, E. "Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin" in Physics Today, June 1980, p. 64.
Soter, Steven & Tyson, Neil, eds. Cosmic Horizons. 2001, New Press. See p. 75ff
Whitney, Charles "Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin: An Astronomer's Astronomer" in Sky & Telescope, Mar. 1980, p. 212.
Web Sites:
Brief Biography
at Harvard Square Library Page:
http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/unitarians/cpg.html
Two Excellent
Articles on her Work and Life:
http://www.harvardsquarelibrary.org/unitarians/payne2.html
Biographical Outline
at UCLA Contributions of Women to Physics Page:
http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Payne-Gaposchkin,_Cecilia_Helena
@861234567.html
Brief Biography
and Story of her Centenary Celebrations:
http://www.aavso.org/publications/newsletter/number25/cecilia.shtml
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/cecilia.html
Roberts,
Dorothea Klumpke (1861-1942)
Aitken, Robert "Dorothea Klumpke Roberts" in Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Dec. 1942, vol. 54, p. 217.
Bracher, Katherine "Dorothea Klumpke Roberts: A Forgotten Astronomer" in Mercury, Sep/Oct. 1981, p. 139.
Reynolds, J. "Dorothea Klumpke Roberts" in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 104, no. 2, p. 92 (1944).
Weitzenhoffer, Kenneth "The Triumph of Dorothea Klumpke" in Sky & Telescope, Aug. 1986, p. 109.
Web Sites:
Biography by Don
Stone:
http://www.aanc-astronomy.org/articles/dorothea.html
About her Pioneering
Balloon Flights:
http://leonids.arc.nasa.gov/Klumpke.html
and
http://www.whiteoaks.com/jane/leonidklumpke/dorothea.txt
Brief Biography
on SMSO site:
http://www.smso.net/Dorothea_Klumpke-Roberts
table
of contents
Sitterly,
Charlotte Moore (1898-1990)
Garton, W. & Martin, W. "Obituary for C. M. Sitterly" in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 32, pp. 209-10 (1991).
Martin, W. "Charlotte Sitterly" in Physics Today, vol. 44, p. 128 (Apr. 1991).
Morrison, Nancy & Fraknoi, Andrew "The Award of the 1990 Bruce Medal to Charlotte Moore Sitterly" in Mercury (the magazine of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific), Nov/Dec. 1990, p. 179.
Sitterly, Charlotte Moore, "Collaboration with Henry Norris Russell over the Years," in Philip, A.G. Davis & David H. DeVorkin, eds., In Memory of Henry Norris Russell. 1977, Dudley Observatory, pp. 27-41.
Tousey, R. "The Solar Spectrum from Fraunhofer to Skylab: An Appreciation of the Contributions of Charlotte Moore Sitterly" in Journal of the Optical Society of America, Series B, vol. 5, p. 2230 (Oct. 1988).
Web Sites:
Profile connected
with the Bruce Medal:
http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Sitterly/index.html
Biography on Answers.com:
http://www.answers.com/topic/charlotte-e-moore
Brief Biography
from the World Encyclopedia of Biography:
http://www.bookrags.com/biography/charlotte-e-moore/
Obituary from
Physics Today:
http://ptonline.aip.org/getpdf/servlet/GetPDFServlet?filetype=pdf
&id=PHTOAD000044000004000128000001&idtype=cvips
Obituary from
the Bulletin of the American Astronomical Society:
http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1991BAAS...23.1492R
table
of contents
Somerville,
Mary (1780-1872)
Alic, Margaret Hypatia's Heritage: A History of Women in Science. 1986, Beacon Press. Chapter 12 has a good section on her work.
Bruck, M. "Mary Somerville: Mathematician and Astronomer of Underused Talent" in Journal of the British Astronomical Association, Aug. 1996, vol. 106, p. 201.
Chapman, Allan The Victorian Amateur Astronomer. 1998, Wiley/Praxis. See especially pp. 276ff.
Chapman, Allan Mary Somerville and the World of Science. 2004, Canopus Books.
Neeley, Kathryn Mary Somerville: Science, Illumination, and the Female Mind. 2001, Cambridge University Press.
Patterson, E. "Mary Somerville" in British Journal for the History of Science, vol. 4, p. 311 (1969). Long profile.
Weitzenhoffer, Kenneth "The Education of Mary Somerville" in Sky & Telescope, Feb. 1987, p. 138.
Web Sites:
Biography at About.com:
http://space.about.com/od/astronomerbiographies/a/marysomerville.htm
Biography at Mac
Tutor:
http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Somerville.html
From Biographies
of Women Mathematicians:
http://www.agnesscott.edu/lriddle/women/somer.htm
Bruck's Article
(see above) on line:
http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?bibcode=1996JBAA..106..201B
Brief Biography
at Women in Math:
http://www.mathnews.uwaterloo.ca/BestOf/WomenInMath7105.html
Brief Biography
at Burntisland Site:
http://www.burntisland.net/mabon.htm
BBC Radio Program about her, with Allan Chapman (audio): http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/science/thematerialworld_20040826.shtml
Interesting essay
by Paula Gould from Science, wondering if her life story (and Caroline Herschel's)
has been whitewashed by history:
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/sci;296/5574/1805
Transcript of
a brief broadcast about her on Australian radio:
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/science/ockham/stories/s306256.htm
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Tinsley.
Eisberg, Joann "Making a Science of Observational Cosmology: The Cautious Optimism of Beatrice Tinsley" in Journal for the History of Astronomy, vol. 32, p. 264 (2001).
Faber, Sandra "Beatrice Tinsley" in Physics Today, vol. 34, p. 110 (Sept. 1981).
Hill, Edward My Daughter Beatrice. 1986, American Physical Society.
Larson, R. & Stryker, L. "Beatrice Hill Tinsley" in Quarterly Journal of the Royal Astronomical Society, vol. 23, p. 162 (1982).
Overbye, Dennis Lonely Hearts of the Cosmos. 1992, HarperCollins. An introduction to modern cosmology; material on Tinsley is in Chapter 10.
Trimble, Virginia "Beatrice Tinsley" in Visit to a Small Universe. 1992, American Institute of Physics Press.
Web Sites:
Biography by Virginia
Trimble (pdf file):
http://www.ias.ac.in/womeninscience/Tinsley.pdf
Biography at New
Zealand Edge page:
http://www.nzedge.com/heroes/tinsley.html
Biography by Michele Nichols on Carleton College site: http://www.carleton.edu/departments/PHAS/astro/pages/michele/tinsley.html
Paper about her
life and work by Margaret Turner:
http://freepages.misc.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~mturner/women/bmt.htm
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/tinsley.html
Eisberg article
(see above):
http://www.shpltd.co.uk/eisberg-tinsley.pdf
Brief Biography
in the Handbook of Texas:
http://www.tshaonline.org/handbook/online/articles/TT/fti12.html
4. Material on Some Specific Living Astronomers who are Women
Bell
Burnell, Jocelyn (1943 - )
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Bell Burnell.
Bell Burnell, Jocelyn "Little Green Men, White Dwarfs, or What?" in Sky & Telescope, Mar. 1978, p. 218.
Bell Brunell, Jocelyn "So Few Pulsars, So Few Females" in Science, 23 April 2004, vol. 304. no. 5670, p. 489. (On line at: http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/304/5670/489)
Greenstein, George "Neutron Stars and the Discovery of Pulsars" in Mercury (the magazine of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific), Mar/Apr. 1985, p. 34 and May/June 1985, p. 66.
Reed G. "The Discovery of Pulsars: Was Credit Given Where it was Due?" in Astronomy, Dec. 1983, p. 24.
Wade, N. "Discovery of Pulsars: A Graduate Student's Story" in Science, Aug. 1, 1975, p. 358.
Web Sites:
Citation and Interview when she was Elected a Fellow of the Royal Society: http://royalsociety.org/page.asp?tip=1&id=1481
Interview on the
BBC Program Belief (both about her religious view and her science): http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/programmes/belief/
scripts/jocelyn_bell_burnell.html
Her talk on Astronomy
and Poetry at the University of Bath:
http://www.podcastdirectory.com/podshows/993144
Royal Institution
(Public) Discourse in 1997 ("Tick Tick Tick Pulsating Star") by Bell
Burnell:
http://www.vega.org.uk/video/programme/69 (a video)
Brief biography at the Contributions of Women to Physics Site: http://cwp.library.ucla.edu/Phase2/Burnell,_Jocelyn_Bell@841234567.html
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/burnell.html
Brief Bio at Project NOVA site from California State U. at Pomona: http://www.csupomona.edu/~nova/scientists/articles/burn.html
1977 After-dinner
Speech about her Discovery of Pulsars (text):
http://www.bigear.org/vol1no1/burnell.htm
Encyclopedia of
World Biography Entry:
http://www.gale.cengage.com/free_resources/whm/bio/bellburnell_s.htm
table
of contents
Burbidge,
Margaret (1919 - )
Arp, Halton & Fraknoi, Andrew "The Award of the 1982 Bruce Medal to Margaret Burbidge" in Mercury (the magazine of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific), Sep/Oct. 1982, p. 154.
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Burbidge.
Burbidge, Margaret
"Watcher of the Skies" in Annual Reviews of Astronomy & Astrophysics,
1994, vol. 32, p. 1 (An auto-biographical article in a technical volume; available
on line at: http://adsbit.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/nph-iarticle_query?
bibcode=1994ARA%26A..32....1B)
Croswell, Ken The Alchemy of the Heavens: Searching for Meaning in the Milky Way. 1995, Doubleday. See Chapter 9.
Reed, J. "A Great Woman Astronomer Leaves England Again" in Smithsonian, Jan. 1974, p. 34.
Rubin, Vera "Margaret Burbidge: AAAS President-Elect" in Science, vol. 211, p. 915 (Feb. 27, 1981). On the web at: http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/articles/burbidge-rubin.html
"The Stargazer" in Time magazine, Mar. 20, 1972, p. 38.
Web Sites:
Bruce Medal Profile:
http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/BurbidgeM/
Interview with David DeVorkin at the Center for the History of Physics from 1978: http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/25487.html
Short bio at Contributions of Women to Physics site: http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Burbidge,_E._Margaret@932123456.html
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/burbidge.html
Dressler, Alan Voyage to the Great Attractor. 1994, Knopf. Story of how we learned to explore the large-scale structure of the realm of the galaxies, focusing on the astronomers who call themselves the "Seven Samurai" (of which Faber is one).
Lemonick, Michael The Light at the Edge of the Universe. 1993, Villard/Random House. See especially Chapter 6.
Lightman, Alan & Brawer, Roberta "Interview with Sandra Faber" in Origins. 1990, Harvard U. Press.
Web Sites:
Her Web Page at
Lick Observatory:
http://www.ucolick.org/~board/faculty/faber.html
Interview with Patrick McCray for the Center for the History of Physics 2002: http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/25489.html
Bio Page at the Contribution of Women to Physics Site at UCLA: http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/Phase2/Faber,_Sandra_Moore@931234567.html
1995 Autobiographical
Sketch:
http://www.physics.ucla.edu/~cwp/articles/faber.htm
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/faber.html
table
of contents
Fischer,
Debra (1953 - )
Naeye, Robert "Unlocking New Worlds" in Astronomy, Nov. 2002, p. 48. A profile and discussion of her work.
Web Sites:
Her web site at
San Francisco State University:
http://www.physics.sfsu.edu/~fischer/
Interview at the
Woman Astronomer site:
http://www.womanastronomer.com/dfischer.htm
Her talk on Extra-solar Planets in San Francisco May 2008 (video): http://fora.tv/2008/05/15/The_Search_for_a_World_Like_Our_Own_Imagine_Earth_20
Her article about
finding planets in Mercury magazine:
http://www.astrosociety.org/pubs/mercury/0004/fischer.html
table
of contents
Freedman,
Wendy (1957 - )
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Freedman.
Ferguson, Kitty Measuring the Universe. 1999, Walker. Chronicle of how distances were found in the universe, with good discussions of contributions by individual astronomers.
Stephens, Sally "Hubble Warrior" in Astronomy, March 2000, p. 52. Profile of her work trying to find the Hubble constant and other cosmological parameters.
Web Sites:
Interview from
April 2004, at the National Academy of Sciences (about her life and work):
http://www.nasonline.org/site/PageServer?
pagename=INTERVIEWS_Wendy_Freedman
Brief Biography
at Women Astronomer site:
http://www.womenastronomers.com/star.php?Id=3
table
of contents
Geller,
Margaret (1947 - )
Ames, Joan. Mastery: Interviews with 30 Remarkable People. 1997, Rudra Press.
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Geller.
Chaikin, Andrew "Surveyor of the Universe" in Air & Space, Aug./Sept. 1991; vol. 6, p. 84.
Geller, Margaret. "The Big Picture" in Natural History, Feb. 2000, vol. 109, p. 74.
Goldsmith, Donald The Astronomers. 1991, St. Martin's Press. The chapter entitled "Mapping the Universe" profiles Geller's life and work.
Greenstein, George Portraits of Discovery. 1998, John Wiley. Chapter 8 of this collection of biographical articles is about Margaret Geller and John Huchra.
Lawler, Andrew "Margaret Geller: Battling Discrimination or Bureaucracy?" in Science, 12 November 1999; vol. 286. no. 5443, p. 1277.
Lemonick, Michael The Light at the Edge of the Universe. 1993, Villard/Random House. See especially Chapter 3.
Lightman, Alan & Brawer, Roberta "Interview with Margaret Geller" in Origins. 1990, Harvard U. Press.
Overbye, Dennis Lonely Hearts of the Cosmos. 1992, HarperCollins. See Chapter 19.
Wiley, John "Margaret Geller: Star Mapper" in Astronomy, Nov. 2000; vol. 28. p. 104.
Web Sites:
Her web page at
Smithsonian:
http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/~mjg/
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/geller.html
Her 1995 Phi Beta
Kappa Address at Harvard:
http://gos.sbc.edu/g/geller.html
Margaret Geller
Giving a Talk on "When Galaxies Collide" (2004, video): http://streamer.perimeterinstitute.ca/Flash/
5071fa3c-293a-4256-8003-20cfb88167ad/index.html
Her poignant essay
on Science and Society, "Black Ribbon" from Science Magazine (1998):
http://www.scienceonline.org/cgi/content/full/281/5381/1278
table
of contents
Ghez,
Andrea (1965 - )
Freedman, David "The Mysterious Middle of the Milky Way" in Discover Magazine, Nov. 1998. Features her work.
Ghez, Andrea & Cohen, Judith You Can Be a Woman Astronomer. 2006, Cascade Press. A picture book for children from grades 3 - 5, includes a discussion of her own beginnings.
Web Sites:
Her web page at
UCLA:
http://www.astro.ucla.edu/~ghez/
Her 2003 UCLA
Faculty Lecture on "Unveiling the Black Hole at the Center of the Galaxy":
http://www.webcast.ucla.edu/Webcast/FRL/Ghez/
Brief story about
her on "My Hero" web page:
http://www.myhero.com/myhero/hero.asp?hero=A_M_Ghez_06
Interview with
her for the PBS TV Show NOVA in 2006:
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/blackhole/explorer.html
Interview for
ABC's "Science Show":
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/scienceshow/stories/2006/1652905.htm
Brief Biography
on the Poster Project Site:
http://www.math.sunysb.edu/posterproject/biographies/ghez.html
table
of contents
Hammel,
Heidi (1960 - )
Bortz, Fred: Beyond Jupiter: The Story of Planetary Astronomer Heidi Hammel (2005, Franklin Watts/Scholastic & Joseph Henry Press). A colorful profile of Hammel as a person and scientists, written for teenagers (but enjoyable reading for everyone.)
Flanagan, R. "Observer of the Gas Giants" in Astronomy, July 1997, p. 50.
Web Site:
Her web page at the Space Science Institute: http://www.spacescience.org/about_ssi/staff/hammel.html
Brief answer to
what made her become an astronomer and a Field Journal at the NASA Quest Site:
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/hst/people/hammel.html
Her answers to frequently asked questions at the site for the kids' book about her: http://www.fredbortz.com/HammelBio/AstroFAQ.htm
An hour interview
of Minnesota Public Radio about the successor telescope to the Hubble and her
work:
http://minnesota.publicradio.org/display/web/2008/03/05/midmorning2/
Some reminiscences
by her sister:
http://everything2.com/index.pl?node_id=1373765
Interview about her involvement in education: http://ssibroker.colorado.edu/Rolesmatrix/matrix/element27/hammel_profile.pdf
Her two appearances on the Planetary Society radio program: http://www.planetary.org/radio/archive/guest/173/
Bartusiak, Marcia "The Remarkable Odyssey of Jane Luu" in Astronomy, Feb. 1996, p. 46.
Davies, John Beyond Pluto: Exploring the Outer Limits of the Solar System. Chapter 4 features Luu's life and work.
Flamsteed, Sam ""Where Comets Come from - Hubble Space Telescope Provides Evidence for Kuiper Belt" in Discover, Nov. 1995, p. . Includes some about her life and early work.
Web Site:
Interview from 2003 (with a lot of biographical information) at Imagiverse Site: http://www.imagiverse.org/interviews/janeluu/jane_luu_21_03_03.htm
4. Material on Some Specific Living Astronomers who are Women (continued)
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Ride.
Blacknall, Carolyn Sally Ride: America's First Woman in Space. 1984, Dillon Press. A book for youngsters.
Camp, Carole Sally Ride: First American Woman in Space. 1997, Enslow. For young adults.
Cooper, Henry Before Lift-off: The Making of a Space Shuttle Crew. 1987, Johns Hopkins U. Press. The veteran correspondent for The New Yorker chronicles the training and flight of the crew for Shuttle Flight 41G, which includes Sally Ride.
Hopping, Lorraine Sally Ride: Space Pioneer. 2000, McGraw Hill. For middle school and up.
Hurwitz, Sue Sally Ride: Shooting for the Stars. 1989, Ballantine. Also a book for kids.
Kramer, Barbara Sally Ride: A Space Biography. 1998, Enslow. Another book for kids.
Nichols, Katherine Sally Ride. 2005, Children's Press. Also for children.
Orr, Tamra Sally Ride: The First American Woman in Space. 2003, Rosen Publishing. Part of the Astronaut Biographies series for youngsters.
Raum, Elizabeth Sally Ride. 2005, Heinemann. Part of the "American Lives" series for children.
Web Sites:
Official astronaut
biography at NASA:
http://www.jsc.nasa.gov/Bios/htmlbios/ride-sk.html
Biography at Sally
Ride Science site:
http://www.sallyridescience.com/sallyride/bio
Biography at Academy
of Achievement Site:
http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/rid0bio-1
Interview at the
same site:
http://www.achievement.org/autodoc/page/rid0int-1
Brief on-line
chat at NASA Quest:
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/space/frontiers/chat_archives/ride03-23-99.html
Brief biography
at LucidCafe site:
http://www.lucidcafe.com/library/96may/ride.html
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/ride.html
Brief Biography
at Aerospace Guide:
http://www.aerospaceguide.net/women_in_space/sally_ride.html
Brief Biography
at Engineer's Week Site:
http://www.eweek.org/site/news/Eweek/2007_marathon/Ride.shtml
2008 CBS News
Special Report on What She is Doing Now (with video):
http://cbs2.com/specialreports/Sally.Ride.NASA.2.659919.html
5-min Video on
Her Concerns about Technical Education:
http://video.google.com/videoplay?docid=1996560773716130827
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Roman.
Croswell, Ken The Alchemy of the Heavens: Searching for Meaning in the Milky Way. 1995, Doubleday. See Chapter 8.
Silver, Lily "Dr. Nancy G. Roman, the Astronomer's Astronomer" in Profiles in Success: 40 Lives of Achievement. 1965, Fountainhead Publishers.
Web Sites:
Brief Autobiographical
Sketches at NASA Quest:
http://quest.arc.nasa.gov/people/bios/women/nr.html
Her Resume on
line:
http://www.mc.cc.md.us/Departments/planet/Nancy/Nancy.htm
An excerpt from
Armstrong's book section about her:
http://www.womenastronomers.com/roman.htm
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/roman.html
Interview with
David DeVorkin at the Center for the History of Physics from 1980:
http://www.aip.org/history/ohilist/4846.html
Bartusiak, Marcia "The Woman Who Spins the Stars" in Discover, Oct. 1990, p. 88. See also Bartusiak's book, Through a Universe Darkly, 1993, HarperCollins, p. 202ff.
Boslaugh, John Masters of Time: Cosmology at the End of Innocence. 1992, Addison-Wesley. Chapter 2 features Rubin's life and work.
Camp, Carole American Astronomers: Searchers and Wonderers. 1996, Enslow. One chapter of this book for teen readers is devoted to Rubin's life and work.
Goldsmith, Donald The Astronomers. 1991, St. Martins. Chapter 2 profiles Vera Rubin.
Irion, Robert "Vera Rubin Profile: The Bright Face Behind the Dark Sides of Galaxies" in Science, vol. 295, no. 5557, p. 960 (Feb. 8, 2002).
Lightman, Alan & Brawer, Roberta "Interview with Vera Rubin" in Origins. 1990, Harvard U. Press.
Overbye, Dennis Lonely Hearts of the Cosmos. 1992, HarperCollins. Chapter 17 focuses on her work.
Rubin, Vera "Women's Work: Women in Modern Astronomy" in Science 86, Jul/Aug. 1986, p. 58.
Rubin, Vera Bright Galaxies, Dark Matters. 1997, American Institute of Physics Press. A collection of her articles, including several personal reminiscences.
Rubin, Vera "Seeing Dark Matter in the Andromeda Galaxy" in Physics Today, Dec. 2006, vol. 59, no. 12, p. 8. (More technical reminiscences.)
Schomaker, William "Interview with Vera Rubin" (very brief) in Astronomy, June 2003, p. 18.
Soter, Steven & Tyson, Neil, eds. Cosmic Horizons. 2001, New Press. See p. 94ff
Stephens, Sally "Vera Rubin: An Unconventional Career" in Mercury (the magazine of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific), Jan/Feb. 1992, p. 38. An interview.
Tucker, Wallace & Karen The Dark Matter. 1988, Morrow. See Chapter 6.
Web Sites:
Brief Biography
at the Carnegie Institution:
http://www.dtm.ciw.edu/content/view/122/168/
Joe Tenn's Bruce
Medalist Profile of her:
http://www.phys-astro.sonoma.edu/BruceMedalists/Rubin/index.html
Brief Biography
at the Lake Afton Observatory Women in Astronomy Page:
http://webs.wichita.edu/lapo/vr.htm
Excerpt from the
book Cosmic Horizons, at the American Museum of Natural History site, about
her work:
http://www.amnh.org/education/resources//rfl/web/
essaybooks/cosmic/p_rubin.html
2002 Interview
in Discover Magazine:
http://discovermagazine.com/2002/jun/breakdialogue
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/rubin.html
"Telling
Stories about the Universe", her 2003 public lecture at Princeton (video):
http://www.listeningtowords.com/lecture.php?id=319
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Shoemaker.
Levy, David "Star Trails: Carolyn Shoemaker" in Sky & Telescope, June 1991, p. 658.
Levy, David Shoemaker by Levy: The Man who Made an Impact. 2000, Princeton U. Press. Biography of Eugene Shoemaker, but with much information about Carolyn's work.
Preston, Richard First Light. 1987, Atlantic Monthly Press. Section 2 is a profile of the Shoemakers.
Reeves, R. "Interview with Gene and Carolyn Shoemaker: Meteor Crater to Palomar" in Astronomy, June 1993, p. 13.
Shoemaker, Carolyn "Ups and Downs in Planetary Astronomy" in Annual Reviews of Earth and Planetary Science, vol. 27, p. 1 (1999). Reminiscences about her career.
Web Sites:
Biography at USGS
Page:
http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/About/People/CarolynShoemaker/
Biography on the
Universe Today Page:
http://www.universetoday.com/html/articles/2001-1211a.html
Brief Biography
at the American Association of Petroleum Geologists Site:
http://www.aapg.org/explorer/2001/05may/denver_c_shoemaker.cfm
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/shoemaker.html
1994 Article from
New Scientist, with history and reactions to the discover of Comet Shoemaker-Levy
9:
http://www.bibliotecapleyades.net/esp_shoemaker_a.htm
Brief Biography
at the Harcourt School Site:
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/biographies_science/shoemaker/
Excerpt from the
Book "Shoemaker by Levy" (see above) About Discovering Comet Shoemaker-Levy
9:
http://pup.princeton.edu/chapters/s6909.html
Her 1998 Essay
from Science Magazine on Space Exploration (with some thoughts about her own
life and work):
http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/full/282/5394/1637
Stofan, E. "Venus: The Way We Might Have Been" in Stern, S.A., ed. Our Worlds: The Magnetism and Thrill of Planetary Exploration. 1999, Cambridge U. Press; pp. 31-45. Combines a discussion of the exploration of Venus with autobiographical information on her development as a scientist.
Web Sites:
Appearance on
Planetary Society web radio show discussing lakes on Titan:
http://www.planetary.org/radio/show/00000220/
JPL Podcast with
Slides on YouTube (about lakes on Titan):
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0PP5hSbwHXQ
(Transcript at: http://www.nasa.gov/multimedia/podcasting/jpl-cassini-20070103.html)
Armstrong, Mabel Women Astronomers: Reaching for the Stars. 2008, Stone Pine Press. This book for teens has a chapter on Tarter.
Drake, Frank & Sobel, Dava Is Anyone Out There? 1992, Delacorte/Bantam. Page 152 ff. Has a number of discussions of Tarter's life and work, especially in Chapters 7 & 10.
Jackson, Ellen Looking for Life in the Universe: The Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. 2005, Houghton Mifflin. A profile of Tarter and her work for young people in grades 4-8.
Lubick, N. "An Ear to the Stars" in Scientific American, Nov. 2002, p. 42. A brief profile of Tarter and her SETI work.
Swift, David "Interview with Jill Tarter" in SETI Pioneers. 1990, U. of Arizona Press.
Web Sites:
Her web page at
the SETI Institute:
http://www.seti.org/about-us/people/staff/tarter-jill.php
Profile in Association
for Women in Science Magazine 2005:
http://www.seti.org/pdfs/awis%20-%20tarter.pdf
Brief Profile
on CNN Site:
http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/americas/04/15/tarter/index.html
Interview on the
KQED Quest Program site 2008 (video):
http://www.kqed.org/quest/television/interview-with-astronomer-jill-tarter--
part-i-web-only
Profile at Cornell
University alumni site (1997):
http://www.news.cornell.edu/Chronicle/97/6.26.97/Tarter.html
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/tarter.html
Her lecture at
the Long-Now Foundation on "The Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence:
Necessarily a Long-term Strategy" (2004 audio):
http://www.listeningtowords.com/person.php?id=37
Her lecture on
the Allen Telescope Array and SETI at the Silicon Valley Astronomy Lectures
(2008 audio):
http://www.astrosociety.org/education/podcast/index.html
Trimble, Virginia Visit to a Small Universe. 1992, American Institute of Physics Press. A collection of her articles, including several that bear on her own life and work.
Web Sites:
Her home page
at U. of California, Irvine:
http://www.ps.uci.edu/physics/trimble.html
Brief profile
at the American Institute of Physics:
http://www.aip.org/history/historymatters/trimble.htm
Brief profile
at Johns Hopkins:
http://www.jhuapl.edu/techdigest/td2201/trimble.pdf
Interview on the
"Science and Society" podcast:
http://www.scienceandsociety.net/audio/trimble.mp3
Transcript of
a brief interview about telescopes (with a bit about her life) on ABC:
http://www.abc.net.au/rn/scienceshow/stories/2000/148938.htm
Her "Top
10" lists for the astronomy of the past and future:
http://www.aps.org/publications/apsnews/200010/astronomy.cfm
Waldrop, Mitchell "New Director Named for Kitt Peak" in Science, vol. 224, p. 265 (Apr. 20, 1984).
Wolff, Sidney "A Search for Aperture: A Selective History of Telescopes" in Mercury (the magazine of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific), Sep/Oct. 1985, p. 139.
Web Sites:
Announcement of
her AAS Education Prize:
http://www.noao.edu/outreach/press/pr06/pr0605.html
Brief Biography
from the ASP's Women in Astronomy Slide Set:
http://astro.berkeley.edu/~gmarcy/women/wolff.html
Her speech for
the 100th anniversary of the American Astronomical Society (pdf file):
http://www.aas.org/publications/baas/v32n2/wolff.pdf
Brief biography
on her textbook page:
http://www.thomsonelearning.com/cengage/instructor.do?
product_isbn=9780495017905&codeid=2BB6&disciplinenumber=19&
courseid=AY03&sortby=copy&type=all_radio&codeFlag=true&maintab=
About_the_Book&subtab=About_the_Author
5. (A Few) Articles or Books about Other Individual Women Astronomers
Baliunas, Sallie: see Flamsteed, Sam "Star Spots: The Work of Sallie Baliunas" in Discover, Dec. 1991, p. 29.
Boesgaard, Ann "One Woman's Journey" in Mercury (the magazine of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific), Jan/Feb. 1992, p. 19.
Conklin, Nan Dieter Two Paths to Heaven's Gate. 2006, NRAO Archives, 520 Edgemont Rd., Charlottesville, VA 22903. A memoir by a pioneering radio astronomer.
Donahue, Megan "Clusters of Galaxies and the Fate of the Universe (or How to be a Cosmologist without Really Trying" in Stern, S. Alan, ed. Our Universe: The Thrill of Extragalactic Exploration as Told by Leading Experts. 2001, Cambridge U. Press; pp. 107-126. Combines a discussion of her work and her development as a scientist.
Hu, Esther "Looking Back in Time: Searching for the Most Distant Galaxies" in Stern, S. Alan, ed. Our Universe: The Thrill of Extragalactic Exploration as Told by Leading Experts. 2001, Cambridge U. Press; pp. 23-36. Combines a discussion of her work and her development as a scientist.
Sargent, Anneila: see Goldsmith, Donald The Astronomers. 1991, St. Martin's Press. See Chapter 12 of this book, which focuses on the work of a few astronomers at the frontiers of science.
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